【Australia Encyclopedia】Australian Population

Australia's population is27.1 million in March 2024, with an annual growth rate of 2.3%. Population growth mainly depends on overseas immigrants, especially international students. The main population is concentrated in the southeast coastal areas, and the population density varies significantly in different regions. Although immigration policies have been tightened in recent years, immigration is still the main factor driving population growth. Australia's population structure is changing, and aging issues and multicultural characteristics are becoming increasingly prominent.

Australia's population growth trends

growth rate

• 2022-2023 data: In 2022-2023, Australia's annual population growth rate is2.3%, increased615,300 peopleAmong them, the number of net overseas immigrants is509,800 people, accounting for the total growth83%.
• 2023 data: By 2023, Australia's population has increased624,000 people, the growth rate is2.4%, of which net overseas migration is528,000 people.

predict

• Future population growth: Expected to2032, Australia's population will reach29.2 to 30.8 million.
• Long-term forecast:arrive2100According to the United Nations, Australia's population will reach43 million, the main driving force is immigration.

Population distribution in Australia

Major cities

• New South Wales: The largest population, reaching8.47 million people, accounting for nearly 20% of Australia’s total population31%.
• Victoria: Population is approximately6.959 million people, ranking second.
• Queensland: Population is approximately5.561 million people, ranking third.

Population Density

• National average: Australia's population density per square kilometer3.5 people, is one of the countries with the lowest population density in the world.
• Major citiesMelbourne has the highest population density at 1,000 square kilometres.521 people, followed by Sydney and Adelaide, respectively441 peopleand444 people.

The impact of immigration on Australia's population growth

Overseas immigrants

• Net overseas migration: Net overseas migration in the year to March 2024509,800 people, accounting for the total population growth83%.
• International Students: International students have also become an important factor in population growth, especially in Victoria and Western Australia.

The impact of immigration policy

• Immigration policy changes：In recent years, Australia's immigration policy has gradually tightened, especially its attitude towards Chinese immigrants has become less friendly, resulting in a slowdown in the growth rate of immigrants.
• Future Trends：With the adjustment of immigration policies, the contribution of immigrants to population growth may change in the future, but overall, immigration is still the main factor driving population growth.

Australia's population structure

Age and gender

• Median age: As of 2021, the median age of the Australian population is38 years old, the proportion of males is49.3%, the proportion of women is50.7%.
• Generational changes: The population of millennials (born between 1981 and 1995) has reached21.5%, on par with the baby boomers (born 1946-1965).

Language and Culture

• Primary Language：English is the main language in Australia, but Mandarin has gradually become the second most spoken language, with more than680,000 people.
• Multiculturalism: Australia is a multicultural country with a large population consisting of residents from different countries and cultural backgrounds.

Population distribution of Australia by state

• New South Wales: The largest population, nearly 8.5 million people.
• Victoria: The population is about 7 million.
• Queensland: The population is approximately 5.56 million.
• Western Australia: The population is approximately 2.95 million.
• South Australia: The population is approximately 1.87 million.
• Tasmania: The population is about 580,000.

The reasons behind Australia's population distribution

• Natural conditions: The climate in the southeast coastal and southwest coastal areas is warm and humid, suitable for living, while the inland areas are dry and rainy, and living conditions are poor.
• Economic Development: The southeastern coastal areas have excellent ports, rapid economic development, and developed industries, mining, agriculture and animal husbandry, which have attracted a large population.
• Historical background: Australia was not discovered by Europeans until the 17th century. It was originally a prison for British exiled prisoners, so the population is mainly concentrated in coastal areas.

Factors affecting Australia's population distribution

• Climate conditions: The temperate and subtropical climate in the southeast is suitable for living, while the high temperature and arid climate in the inland areas limit population concentration.
• Economic activities: Coastal areas, especially large cities such as Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, etc., attract a large population due to their status as industrial, financial and service centers.

The uneven distribution of population among Australian states is the result of the interaction of multiple factors. Understanding these factors is of great significance for understanding Australia's population dynamics and economic development.

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