{"id":29959,"date":"2025-11-25T16:50:01","date_gmt":"2025-11-25T06:50:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/au0061.com\/?p=29959"},"modified":"2025-11-25T16:50:01","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T06:50:01","slug":"the-truth-behind-australias-frequent-bushfires-a-dual-challenge-from-natural-factors-and-human-activities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/au0061.com\/en\/%e6%be%b3%e5%a4%a7%e5%88%a9%e4%ba%9a%e5%b1%b1%e7%81%ab%e9%a2%91%e5%8f%91%e8%83%8c%e5%90%8e%e7%9a%84%e7%9c%9f%e7%9b%b8%ef%bc%9a%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e5%9b%a0%e7%b4%a0%e4%b8%8e%e4%ba%ba%e7%b1%bb%e6%b4%bb\/","title":{"rendered":"The truth behind Australia's frequent bushfires: a dual challenge from natural factors and human activities."},"content":{"rendered":"

\"The<\/p>\n

Hello everyone, I am the assistant of Australian Encyclopedia. Recently, some friends asked me about\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d77\u5c71\u706b<\/b>Now I will summarize the related issues, hoping to help those who want to know more.<\/p>\n

\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5c71\u706b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u9891\u7387\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5904\u5357\u534a\u7403\u7684\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5730\u7406\u73af\u5883\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5c71\u706b\u9891\u53d1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u590f\u5b63\u9ad8\u6e29\u5e72\u71e5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5c71\u706b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5a01\u80c1\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u547d\u8d22\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bf9\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u9020\u6210\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u636e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6c14\u8c61\u5c40\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c2019-2020\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u8272\u590f\u5b63\u201d\u5c71\u706b\u70e7\u6bc1\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc71800\u4e07\u516c\u9877\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u52a8\u7269\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u8fd9\u8b66\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u5c71\u706b\u6210\u56e0\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u591a\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u89e3\u6790\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5c71\u706b\u9891\u53d1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u5e94\u5bf9\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d77\u5c71\u706b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n

1. \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u53d1\u5c71\u706b\uff1f<\/b>
\n\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5730\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5c71\u706b\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7ea670%\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e72\u65f1\u6216\u534a\u5e72\u65f1\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u690d\u88ab\u4ee5\u6849\u6811\u3001\u704c\u6728\u4e1b\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u690d\u7269\u5bcc\u542b\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u6cb9\u8102\uff0c\u6781\u6613\u71c3\u70e7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6849\u6811\u7684\u6811\u53f6\u548c\u6811\u76ae\u5728\u5e72\u71e5\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u70b9\u71c3\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u706b\u7130\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u5730\u5f62\u4ee5\u5e73\u539f\u548c\u4f4e\u5c71\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5f3a\u98ce\uff08\u5982\u590f\u5b63\u7684\u201c\u5317\u98ce\u201d\uff09\u80fd\u52a0\u901f\u706b\u52bf\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c0f\u706b\u5728\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u96be\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5927\u706b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u6c14\u5019\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u590f\u5b63\u9ad8\u6e29\u5c11\u96e8\uff0c\u51ac\u5b63\u6e29\u548c\u591a\u96e8\u2014\u2014\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5178\u578b\u7684\u201c\u706b\u707e\u5b63\u8282\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6bcf\u5e7410\u6708\u81f3\u6b21\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6c14\u6e29\u53ef\u8fbe40\u00b0C\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6e7f\u5ea6\u4f4e\u81f310%\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u5c31\u50cf\u4e3a\u5c71\u706b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u201c\u71c3\u6599\u5e93\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5c71\u706b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4ec0\u4e48\u89d2\u8272\uff1f<\/b>
\n\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5c71\u706b\u7684\u9891\u7387\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u8054\u90a6\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08CSIRO\uff09\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb50\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5e73\u5747\u6c14\u6e29\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u7ea61.4\u00b0C\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u70ed\u6d6a\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\u3001\u66f4\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u9ad8\u6e29\u548c\u5e72\u65f1\u5ef6\u957f\u4e86\u706b\u707e\u5b63\u8282\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u706b\u707e\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u707e\u96be\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2019-2020\u5e74\u5c71\u706b\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u90e8\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u5e72\u65f1\u7684\u6625\u5b63\uff0c\u964d\u6c34\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\u768450%\uff0c\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u706b\u52bf\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u8fd8\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u964d\u96e8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5357\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u51ac\u5b63\u964d\u96e8\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u690d\u88ab\u5e72\u71e5\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5168\u7403\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e\u4e0d\u51cf\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5c71\u706b\u98ce\u9669\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u5e74\u635f\u5931\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u6fb3\u5143\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5c71\u706b\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff1f<\/b>
\n\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5c71\u706b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bf1\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u5f00\u57a6\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u68ee\u6797\u7834\u788e\u5316\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u706b\u707e\u6613\u53d1\u533a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7684\u711a\u70e7\u79f8\u79c6\u6216\u9732\u8425\u7528\u706b\u4e0d\u614e\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u5f15\u53d1\u610f\u5916\u706b\u707e\uff1b\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7ea613%\u7684\u5c71\u706b\u7531\u4eba\u4e3a\u758f\u5ffd\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c\u5982\u672a\u7184\u706d\u7684\u70df\u5934\u6216\u91ce\u5916\u70e7\u70e4\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u8d77\u5230\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6587\u5316\u71c3\u70e7\u201d\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u690d\u88ab\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d88\u9632\u7b56\u7565\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6251\u706d\u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u706b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u800c\u8ba9\u53ef\u71c3\u7269\u5806\u79ef\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8d77\u706b\u4fbf\u52bf\u4e0d\u53ef\u6321\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7535\u529b\u7ebf\u8def\u6545\u969c\u6216\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e8b\u6545\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u706b\u707e\uff0c\u59822009\u5e74\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u8272\u661f\u671f\u516d\u201d\u5c71\u706b\u90e8\u5206\u6e90\u4e8e\u7535\u7ebf\u77ed\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5c71\u706b\u6709\u4f55\u9002\u5e94\u673a\u5236\uff1f<\/b>
\n\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5c71\u706b\u5e26\u6765\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u4f46\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u957f\u671f\u6f14\u5316\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u6849\u6811\u548c\u73ed\u514b\u6728\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u706b\u6765\u7e41\u6b96\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u840c\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u706b\u707e\u540e\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u518d\u751f\u3002\u52a8\u7269\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u9003\u751f\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u888b\u9f20\u80fd\u611f\u77e5\u70df\u96fe\u5e76\u9003\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9e1f\u7c7b\u5982\u7b11\u7fe0\u9e1f\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u706b\u707e\u6355\u98df\u53d7\u60ca\u7684\u6606\u866b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5c71\u706b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8d85\u51fa\u81ea\u7136\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u96be\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2020\u5e74\u5c71\u706b\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u8003\u62c980%\u7684\u6816\u606f\u5730\uff0c\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u7269\u79cd\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u81ea\u7136\u5c71\u706b\u662f\u751f\u6001\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4e3a\u52a0\u5267\u7684\u706b\u707e\u53ef\u80fd\u6253\u7834\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5982\u4f55\u9884\u9632\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u5c71\u706b\uff1f<\/b>
\n\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5c71\u706b\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728\u9884\u9632\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u201c\u8ba1\u5212\u71c3\u70e7\u201d\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u53ef\u71c3\u7269\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5728\u51ac\u5b63\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u63a7\u711a\u70e7\uff0c\u6e05\u7406\u5e72\u71e5\u690d\u88ab\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u706b\u707e\u5371\u9669\u8bc4\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u53d1\u5e03\u9884\u8b66\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u5c45\u6c11\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u65e5\u907f\u514d\u6237\u5916\u7528\u706b\u3002\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u62e5\u6709\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6d88\u9632\u961f\u4f0d\uff0c\u5982\u4e61\u6751\u6d88\u9632\u5c40\uff08RFS\uff09\u548c\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u914d\u5907\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u5982\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u548c\u536b\u661f\u76d1\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u706b\u60c5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u4e5f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57282020\u5e74\u5c71\u706b\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u591a\u56fd\u6d3e\u51fa\u6d88\u9632\u5458\u652f\u63f4\u3002\u957f\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6b63\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u9002\u5e94\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5982\u5f00\u53d1\u8010\u706b\u5efa\u7b51\u6750\u6599\u548c\u6539\u5584\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5177\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u793e\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5c71\u706b\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5e72\u65f1\u6c14\u5019\u3001\u6613\u71c3\u690d\u88ab\u548c\u5f3a\u98ce\u6784\u6210\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u4eba\u4e3a\u758f\u5ffd\u5219\u653e\u5927\u4e86\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u9632\u8303\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7559\u5b66\u6216\u79fb\u6c11\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u706b\u707e\u5b63\u8282\u5e76\u5b66\u4e60\u5e94\u6025\u77e5\u8bc6\u2014\u2014\u8fd8\u80fd\u63a8\u52a8\u5168\u7403\u884c\u52a8\u5e94\u5bf9\u6c14\u5019\u5371\u673a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u8ba1\u5212Study<\/a>\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u63d0\u524d\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u5730\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u5c71\u706b\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u7136\u9700\u8981\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

Thank you for your reading. I hope this article can help you understand\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d77\u5c71\u706b<\/b>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u7ee7\u7eed\u54a8\u8be2\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5173\u6ce8\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5171\u5efa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u672a\u6765\uff01<\/p>\n

Please indicate the source of any reprint:AU6001.COM \u2013 Australia Chinese Encyclopedia<\/a> \u00bb The truth behind Australia's frequent bushfires: a dual challenge from natural factors and human activities.<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hello everyone, I'm your Australian encyclopedia assistant. Recently, some readers have asked me about the causes of bushfires in Australia. I've summarized the relevant information to hopefully help those who want to know more. Bushfires are a common natural disaster in Australia, but their frequency and intensity are among the highest in the world\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29958,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[766],"tags":[29203,33882,1909,46422,1563],"class_list":["post-29959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-29203","tag-33882","tag-1909","tag-46422","tag-1563"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/au0061.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29959","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/au0061.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/au0061.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/au0061.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/au0061.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29959"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/au0061.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29959\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/au0061.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/au0061.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/au0061.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/au0061.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}